CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device)

http://www.or.com.tw/MZ/down_mz_2/down_mz_2-c-40.htm
http://residence.educities.edu.tw/oldfriend/Quartus/CPLD_FPGA.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_programmable_logic_device

C語言- incompatible types in assignment

如果使用陣列的方式宣告字串，則不可以直接使用=指定運算子另外指定字串
Ex.

char str[] = "hello";
str = "world";   // error, incompatible types in assignment

Reference:
http://caterpillar.onlyfun.net/Gossip/CGossip/PointerAndString.html

MSTP (Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol)

這篇很棒!  快速了解MSTP

Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1s) is backwards compatible with STP/RSTP and addresses the limitations of existing spanning tree protocols (STP and RSTP) in networks to include the following features:

One Common and Internal Spanning Tree (CIST) that represents the entire network's connectivity.
Grouping of multiple bridges (or switching devices) into regions that appear as one single bridge on the network.
A VLAN can be mapped to a specific Multiple Spanning Tree Instance (MSTI). MSTI allows multiple VLANs to use the same spanning tree.
Load-balancing is possible as traffic from different VLANs can use distinct paths in a region. 

Purpose

• To supplement VLAN insensitivity problem in STP/RSTP.

Edge Ports

• Directly transition to forwarding, skipping learning states. 
• Doesn’t generate topology changes when its link toggles. 
• Become a normal spanning-tree port whenever receives a BPDU.

MST Instances

• An MST bridge must be able to handle at least the following two instances 
• One Common Internal Spanning Tree (CIST) 
• One or more Multiple Spanning Tree Instance(s) (MSTIs) 
• Cisco supports 16 instances: one CIST (instance 0) and 15 MSTIs

MST Instance

• An MST Instance (MSTI) is a spanning tree instance. VLANs can be configured to run on a specific MSTI. Each created MSTI is identified by a unique number (known as an MST ID) known internally to a region. Thus an MSTI does not span across MST regions. 

Common and Internal Spanning Tree (CIST)

• A CIST represents the connectivity of the entire network and it is equivalent to a spanning tree in an STP/RSTP. The CIST is the default MST instance (MSTID 0). Any VLANs that are not members of an MST instance are members of the CIST. In an MSTP-enabled network, there is only one CIST that runs between MST regions and single spanning tree devices. A network may contain multiple MST regions and other network segments running RSTP.

ThreadX

我想我現在稍微了解了點ThreadX在我們OS上的運作了...
也稍微了解了點產品的OS架構

期待下禮拜的training course學長的介紹!

拜託!! training course可不能打瞌睡阿!!!! 阿潘!!

vlan1q port isolation

如果1,2 port 開 vlan1q port-isolation
代表1,2彼此間packet不會互通，但各自跟其他的port都會通

Nessus

Nessus軟體是一套遠端弱點偵測掃瞄軟體，只要使用者能夠確認遠端主機的IP位址，它即能針對目標主機或網路進行安全評估。掃瞄結束後，Nessus能針對目標主機或網路安全弱點產生評估報告，並提供使用者包括：是否具有安全弱點或安全漏洞之訊息，以及提供安全弱點、安全漏洞之說明連結等。

Nessus最吸引人的地方在於它是免費下載的軟體，但是功能卻絲毫不遜色於其他產品。因此，從安全性分析師（Security Analyst）的角度看來，讓它成為資安人員的最愛。也由於它是獨立軟體開發公司的研究成果（它是靠著資安界以及有心人士的捐款來維持公司的運作與產品的推出，如OpenSource Project），這也確保了Nessus的中立性，避免因為價位而抹煞了它強大的功能。簡單來說，Nessus的主要功能包括如下：

• 模組化設計架構。
• 掃瞄系統核心與弱點偵測plugins分離的架構，以類似更新病毒碼的方式更新plugins，即時加入最新的弱點知識。目前 Nessus有14702 plugin、6789個CVE IDs、5532 Bugtraq IDs。
• 使用內建的直譯器及程式語言：NASL（Nessus Attack Scripting Language）程式語言，使用者可依其語法自行撰寫攻擊測試程式。
• 自動辨識遠端服務類型。
• 可同時針對多台主機進行測試。
• 可模擬入侵者的行為進行測試。

References:
[1]http://newsletter.ascc.sinica.edu.tw/news/read_news.php?nid=1283
[2]http://www.runpc.com.tw/content/main_content.aspx?mgo=192&fid=G04

C語言- strdup()

語法
     #include string.h

     char *
     strdup(const char *str);
函數描述
    配置足夠容納str字串的記憶體，
    並把str的內容複製到新配置的記憶體，
    傳回新記憶體位置。
傳回值
    新配置字串副本的位置。記憶體不足傳回NULL。

References:
[1]http://www.csie.nctu.edu.tw/~weiyu/wiki/index.php?n=FreeBSDMan3/Strdup
[2]http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/strdup.html